Archive for category Medical
The biotype scurfy: homeopathic constitutions
We continue our journey through homeopathic constitutions. We speak today of the child phosphoric acid. It is rare that a child will have phosphoric acid, most often a carbonic that three or four years to develop its real constitution. However, already in the “baby” there are signs not being overlooked. The stature at birth is great, greater than 50 cm, while having a normal weight because the child is thin. The complexion is pale, your chest is long and narrow, and the abdomen is sunken.
In terms of behavior the child cannot live without tenderness, affection, caresses, and smiles. It is very lively, precocious, and affectionate but cries easily and grumbles. Suda just wants the “Biberons” scanty, but repeated. Even at this early age would like salty foods. Species grows rapidly in height, but also on the physical and mental. Its weaknesses are digestive disorders (not like milk, has often vomiting and diarrhea), dental eruption (very painful), and the agitation by sleeplessness. Towards the three or four years grew more in height, lean and lanky, with long, narrow thorax, winged scapula, sterna ridge.
Whole body, however, is graceful and harmonious. The teeth are regular but fragile, yellowish, easily decayed. The appetite is capricious, sleep variable and light. A child is mentally very lively, intelligent, and precocious. Loves history and adventures. A fantasy, a romantic or a little dancer, an artist. More and improved air improves very open to the sea and the countryside. It is very affectionate and attached to family, seeking and giving affection. His weakness at this age are the lungs and upper respiratory tract, but also the nervous system because it is easily discouraged if he is not surrounded by the affection of his loved ones. Gets excited and gets depressed very easily.
The teenager is emotional, romantic. Slender, elegant, distinguished, refined. The girl is blonde or brunette, incarnation clear, blue eyes and big, elegant, a model tall and slender. Both male and female, have a great success for their attractiveness and sexuality begins early. In studies are brilliant but they tire easily: the depression is soon, are indispensable encouragement. Literary studies, legislators, artists are their favorites. Weaknesses remain bronchitis, l asthma allergic to cyclothymiacs, namely the variability of the character with moments of elation alternating with depression.
The remedy base? Calcarea phosphorica. This drug has an action very deep, with a wide spectrum of symptoms. La C. The C. phosphorica acts with its two constituent elements: calcium and phosphorus. Calcium phosphate is present in all tissues except the elastic band. In the blood, lymph, plasma, saliva, gastric juice and in serous effusions. It particularly abundant in bone and teeth. Phorforica represents the drug’s choice for this type of constitution going to be included in the disease: structural alterations of the dentition, ossification, digestive, respiratory, and lymphatic and venous circulation of the nervous.
Diabetes, a bitter relationship.
Among the diseases on the rise as diabetes is a chronic disease spreading in the wider world: in 2025 it is expected, in the age between 20 and 79 years, an increase of 24% with involvement of 333 million people. The diabetes is a disease that is characterized by an increased concentration of glucose in the blood. The concentration of glucose is normally regulated by ‘insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. When this hormone is deficient or missing altogether problems occur on the levels of glucose.
However, when the pancreas does not produce any insulin or produces too little is spoken of type 1 diabetes, also called juvenile diabetes, whereas in type 2 diabetes (typical of people of more mature age), insulin is produced in the right quantity, but at a slower pace and is not active on the cells of blood glucose.
Diabetes type 1 is certainly the one that involves a greater involvement of the patient and his family because there is the need for daily insulin. And therefore required an active collaboration between practitioner and diabetes specialist, a good information the patient should be instructed on the control of blood glucose levels, to take on lifestyle and nutrition. At least in theory.
In Cittadinanzattiva Ratio (with support from the Lilly Foundation and the help of Fand-Diabetic Association) for assistance to patients with diabetes, the picture that emerges is an entirely ‘other than reassuring (“You have diabetes? Expect to get worse. Or found the money to do proper prevention ‘), is the bitter summary of the association. Little integration between diabetes centers and general practitioners, contradictory messages received by patients, little innovation, poor prevention of complications.
The aid to better manage their disease in 80% of cases is completely dependent on the patient and his family. The main items of expenditure reported relative to transport (42%), the specialist visits (40%), drugs (34%) and principals and aids (17%).
What to do? Area Rights customized treatment on quality and complaints, prevention, medical integration between figures spreading more and more computerized medical records for the choice of a path of joint care, information and prevention of complications such as retinopathy (38%), the risks associated with pregnancy, such interventions dental, vaccination and depressions.
Thalassemia and new therapies
The waves of immigration from countries of southeast Asia such as the Middle East, India, Egypt, Africa are promoting the return of congenital hereditary, endemic in countries of origin, which need to be further developed by us . When we speak of congenital, it means all those forms that involve red blood cells both in shape, size and number.
Gemini Fiorelli, director of the Department of Internal Medicine Ospedale Maggiore is a ‘business unit mainly to the care of two particular types of congenital anemia: thalassemia and the hemoglobinopathies. Professor Maria Domenica Cappellini, director of the Center congenital IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, important centers in the Lombardy region says with certainty that in the next 15 years these forms of anemia are a serious health threat worldwide.
The thalassemia (from the Greek thalassa = sea), better known as Mediterranean anemia or microcitemia just endemic to the characteristics that distinguishes it, also involves a number of Italians who, if struck in the most serious as beta thalassemia major requires, since the early months of life, blood transfusion continue to be coupled with iron chelation therapy daily, every patient needs an average of 2-3 units of red blood cells to be taken every 15/20 days to maintain a hemoglobin level correctly, it cannot also neglect the iron-chelation therapy to remove the excess iron accumulated in your body.
So are people who will always need assistance and for which, it is the case of say, blood is life. Then not only children but also adults, for which, due to improved therapies, it is increasingly possible to make a normal life, in particular the introduction of a new oral medication to treat iron chelator, deferasirox (available from a few months even by us) predisposes patients and their families to a more serene life.
The drug was registered in the United States in November 2006 and approved by the EMEA in spring 2007, is available in a hospital and is taken only once a day. We are in expectation that the research discovers more and more effective therapies for patients’ lives.
Overcoming bulimia. The multidisciplinary approach as treatment of choice
The bulimia is an eating disorder that may present a course controlled from a single episode resolved quickly at the structure of a chronic form with a moderate risk of death from medical complications or suicide.
Treatment of eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia, presents several difficulties related to the attitude of patients usually deny the disease and lack of collaborative and often have, concurrently, other psychiatric disorders of interest besides a high risk of suicide. In most cases the treatment is outpatient. It requires hospitalization when outpatient treatment is inadequate, there are significant electrolyte disturbances, the patient has serious co morbidities in mental illness, are at risk of suicide, or you must get her away from pathological family relationships.
In any case it is essential that intervention is calibrated according to the specific needs of the patient.
The most effective treatment is undoubtedly the one to multi-disciplinary approach because, especially in the early stages, you need the backing of several health professionals. First it is necessary to evaluate the medical condition of the patient and treat the complications resulting from excessive ingestion of food and abuse of diuretics and laxatives, as well as by induced vomiting. It’s very useful prescribing a proper diet and a psycho-educational intervention to restore healthy eating habits. Especially in the case of very young patients should involve the family and obtain their cooperation in the therapeutic process. It’s also indicating a path of psychotherapy (individual, group or family) to intervene on the psychological aspects of the disorder and any concomitant psychological disorders (personality disorders, depression or anxiety).
Although psychiatric drugs have proven very effective in treating the symptoms of bulimia, in particular antidepressants such as fluoxetine. It has become evident that their intake leads to a drastic reduction in the number of bulimic crisis even if the disorder is not accompanied by depressive symptoms.
In Italy there are several public health facilities that deal with eating disorders and there are active groups for mutual self-help Over eaters anonymous
Chromosomal abnormalities. What kind of diseases can cause.
In general, children with chromosomal abnormalities are born perfectly healthy parents. The origin of the anomaly is at the time of formation of the germ cells of parents, each of which has only half the chromosomes normally present in cells. It will be at the time of fertilization that the germ cells of parents encounter will give rise to normal chromosomes then that will be half from the mother and half from the father. Although maternal age is not a determining factor for the onset of the risk of chromosomal abnormality trisomy increases with maternal age. Why prenatal diagnosis is recommended for women who have 35 years at the time of delivery. This type of investigation is also recommended when the couple has already had previous children with chromosomal abnormalities, one of the parents or one of their close relatives are affected, the TRITEST shows a high degree of risk.
Diagnosis is possible through analysis of the karyotype, ie the set of chromosomes of an individual. This type of investigation reveals the number and structure of chromosomes and the type of sex chromosomes. To analyze the karyotype is sufficient to examine the white blood cells obtained through a simple blood test. It’s possible to study the chromosomes through the cells of the bone marrow, placenta or amniotic fluid; prenatal diagnosis can thus be done through amniocentesis or CVS.
The main diseases are caused by chromosomal abnormalities of Down syndrome (trisomy 21), the syndrome Klineferter, Prader-Willi syndrome, 18p (deletion of a fragment of chromosome 18), Edwards syndrome (trisomy of chromosome 18 ), Patau syndrome (trisomy 13), Turner syndrome (females with one X chromosome), Williams syndrome (microdeletion of chromosome 7).
Osteoporosis: the FDA, the U.S. agency, launches the alert on anti-osteoporosis
The FDA, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. agency responsible for public health, is launching a new alarm: some anti-osteoporosis drugs belonging to the class of bisphosphonates can cause severe pain in the muscles and bones.
“The judgments are followed by FDA’s various realities of the health and nutrition, as has historically been characterized for its role in protecting consumers of therapeutic substances to push through federal legislation on vaccines.
This time the drugs “accused” by the FDA are some of those used to treat ’s osteoporosis and are called: risedronate, pamidronate, ibandronate, Etidronate, alendronate, zoledronic acid and tiludronic. It’s been shown that people treated with these types of medicines developed crippling pain in bones, joints and muscles. Despite the likelihood of accusing severe musculoskeletal pain is stated in the material attached to the medicine, the FDA stresses that such distress should be monitored by health professionals who should provide the administration with great caution.
The alarm is the probability that the association between the use of bisphosphonates and musculoskeletal pain may interfere with the effectiveness of anti-osteoporosis therapy, or necessitate the recruitment of analgesics. In some cases it was verified that the side effect occurs within the first days of treatment, others after months or years. The study tested how the FDA has in some cases, suspension of treatment corresponded to the disappearance of pain in others there has been an improvement in others slow and incomplete.
Professionals are well known of these effects, in fact, advance notice to the patient before administering the treatment. But cause for these effects are still unknown and the type of information the FDA, which was launched as an alert is given to doctors to assess your case the conditions of their patients and, if appropriate, take into consideration the discontinuation of therapy. Furthermore, the FDA is also addressed to warn patients not to discontinue the therapy itself, would be a grave mistake to do it without your doctor’s advice.
Menopause and risks of estrogen
In recent days have been published in the prestigious journal Lancet, the results of a huge search that covered almost a million British women and called Million Women Study. Researchers from Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit in Oxford have focused on ovarian cancer, which is the fourth cancer in order of frequency among British women.
Roberto Villa, a journalist from Tempo Medico, informs us that they are diagnosed each year about 6,700 new cases involving 4600 victims well.
The study warns that all women in menopause take hormone in a long time, especially after the first four or five years.
This study showed that 40% of cancers diagnosed in women taking hormones for four years more time were represented by three forms of cancer: breast cancer, ovarian endometriosis. In the population of women in development light from the present study the overall incidence of these three cancers among women in hormone therapy has exceeded 63% than between those who did not use hormones. I repeat however that the data dictionary refers to women who use hormones for at least five years.
All those who abruptly stop taking the risk and their life expectancy are equal to those that have never been used. What to say in conclusion?
It is not the time to put medals in medicine based on natural phytoestrogens natural remedies, homeopathic organotherapy, drugs homotoxicological. But what makes me most angry are all those lights appeared in television programs defending these hormones as a guarantee for a healthy and conscious menopause.
But time is a gentleman and we are confident that the truth will be able to emerge, especially for the good of the female population.
Mouthwash: guidelines for proper usage
The mouthwash is one of the most used healthcare facilities for the protection of the oral cavity: their consumption is increasing and in Western Europe were more than 9% of spending on products for oral hygiene. In 2006, mouthwashes, as submitted by Pfizer Consumer Health Care, reached Italy in the 128.6 million in revenue, about a sixth of the oral hygiene industry.
But in the face of such a massive use, we guarantee their quality, their effectiveness?
This question has been proposed to respond, on a scientific level, the Italian Guidelines on the use of mouthwashes for oral health (Italian mouthwash guidelines or IMG). The answers given by Img are the synthesis of over a year’s work of a study group consisting of 14 experts appointed by the four professional associations and coordinated by Andrea Pilloni University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’. In particular there are three questions to be answered:
- The use of mouthwashes, associated with normal oral hygiene techniques can, compared to non-use, prevent gingivitis or inflammatory events linked to it? There is good scientific evidence that the combination of a mouthwash to the usual oral hygiene techniques gives rise to significant advantages compared to non-use against the ‘gingival inflammation. Chlorhexidine and essential oils are the active ingredients as are available the largest number of surveys methodologically quite good. Even the cetylpyridinium chloride, albeit in smaller number of studies, has shown the ability to improve the indicators of gingival inflammation.
- The use of mouthwashes, associated with normal oral hygiene techniques, is able, compared to non-use to reduce the amount of plaque? Several studies have led to significant advantages to using a mouthwash compared to non-use against are accumulation of plaque on tooth surfaces.
- The use of mouthwash is free of side effects for the patient? The main adverse effects for patients who use mouthwashes for long-term treatment are the appearance of pigmentation and the increase in the formation of tartar. Chlorhexidine compared with other active ingredients is weighed down by the increased frequency of occurrence of side effects mentioned above. The frequency of other significant side effects like the alteration of taste or appearance of oral irritation is considered occasional.
The last word is always at your dentist or dental hygienist who will be able to recommend the best product to suit your needs while avoiding unnecessary do-it-yourself.
Teeth whitening
The methodology of teeth whitening techniques associated with dental micro abrasion.
The procedure requires:
- a preliminary visit to check the extent of the spots and detect the color of departure;
- A first session micro abrasion only on affected areas from stains and abrade small portions of enamel by using a gel made of hydrogen chloride and micro particles of silicon carbide, this technique is shown precisely to eliminate the no less profound calcification of the enamel of 0.2 mm and is ideal in cases of superficial demineralization white or brown marks caused by enamel fluorosis;
- a later session of bleaching using a classic gel and a lamp that serves as a catalyst and thus speed up the action of the gel penetration depth in order to dissolve stains (i.e., discoloration) in the teeth;
We can see the first working session of the first major improvement but usually takes about 3 treatments lasting 50 minutes each to get a good result. Once the micro abrasion dental treatment associated with bleaching the stain will not come back and the white color of the teeth must be maintained by the patient through a thorough oral hygiene at home, improving their way of life, especially by eliminating cigarette smoking and undergoing the short booster sessions (for the only whitening treatment) every 2 years or so.
So important is a regular intake of fluoride to strengthen and protect teeth from decay, but also for the future and new mothers, always ask for advice from your dentist and doctor if there is a need to take another oral fluoride to prevent our children finds themselves with large ugly stains on the teeth from having to correct.
The benefits of fluoride. And its drawbacks
The fluorine is an essential element that is used to prevent tooth decay, both during the development of teeth and after their complete eruption. Has a high ability to block the activity of bacterial plaque and also reduces the demineralization of enamel and supports its remineralization. Fluoride occurs naturally in many foods and beverages like tea, coffee, potatoes, whole meal bread, spinach, peas, and especially water, is also added in toothpastes, gels for use in oral and mouthwashes.
It ‘been shown that the effectiveness of fluoroprofilassi is greater the earlier it is the beginning of this method of prevention. For over twenty years, this preventive measure was introduced by the scientific community and has demonstrated a net reduction of caries in children.
For some dentists, the fluoroprofilassi should start already during pregnancy from the second quarter, namely at the stage where the fetus, the formation of dental tissues, to continue to the end of pregnancy. The administration of fluoride to the expectant mother poses no risk to the fetus (if you follow the dosage down) because the placenta allows the passage of only one quarter the recommended dose during pregnancy. The rest of the fluoride is excreted by the mother (50%) or is absorbed by the bones of the mother (the remaining 25%). Therefore the child takes a dose equal to that which will have after birth.
The advantages of fluoroprofilassi also not limited to teeth. Indeed the ‘fluoride intake results in an advantage for the formation of the skeleton because fluoride increases bone density. However, the administration of fluoride drops or tablets should be prescribed through only after the knowledge of the concentration of fluoride in the water taken from the mother and child (mineral water and / or water supply) should not be prescribed fluoride supplements for children under 6 months, or who take water with fluoride levels greater than 0.6 mg / L.
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