Archive for category Syndrome
Compartment Syndrome
Compartment syndrome is a condition that develops when the pressure inside the fascia surrounding the muscles and bone increases without relief and can cause destruction of the capillaries and nerve cells inside. Compartment syndrome can develop in any of the compartments in the body but is most common in the lower leg. This may develop acutely, from an injury or other cause of immediate swelling, or chronically, as a result of overuse or other chronic swelling.
Pain, numbness, a feeling of pressure, and some swelling usually accompany this condition. Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency whereas the chronic syndrome, although still painful and a danger to the blood vessels and nerves, can be treated more conservatively. Both conditions must be treated, however, to prevent permanent damage to the injured area and those distal to the injury as well.
Athletes involved in high impact collision and contact sports, such as football and rugby, are more susceptible to acute compartment syndrome, while those involved in repetitive activities, such as running and jumping, may be more vulnerable to chronic compartment syndrome.
What is Compartment Syndrome?
Muscles are covered by tough fibrous tissue called fascia. This tissue wraps around the muscles and accompanying bone and holds it all in place, forming a compartment. The fascia is large enough to accommodate the bone, nerves, blood vessels, and muscle at its current size. There is just enough stretch in the fascia to allow the normal expansion of the muscle from increased blood flow due to exercise. If the muscle swells or blood collects inside the compartment the pressure will rise. If the pressure exceeds that of the capillaries (usually around 30 mmHG) they will begin to die. This in turn will cause death to the nerve and muscle tissue around them due to loss of blood supply.
Compartment Syndrome Types: Anterior and Posterior. Acute and Chronic.
Compartment syndrome is most common in the lower leg, although it can happen along any long bone, especially with a fracture. The quadriceps muscle is another likely candidate for this condition but due to its size and the lesser incidence of injury it is still far less common than lower leg compartment syndrome.
In the lower leg, compartment syndrome usually involves either the anterior compartment, over the front lateral side of the shin, or one of the posterior compartments, behind the tibia. The posterior area consists of the superficial compartment and the deep compartment. The lateral compartment is the fourth compartment in the lower leg. The anterior compartment is the most commonly injured of the four compartments.
Acute compartment syndrome results from trauma to the muscle or bone in the compartment. This trauma leads to bleeding inside the compartment. As the blood builds up in the compartment, with nowhere to go, the pressure increases. Because this happens at a fairly rapid rate (sometimes within minutes, other times over a period of hours) the pressure can build to a high level and cause serious damage to the nerves and blood vessels.
Chronic compartment syndrome is usually the result of overuse. The muscle becomes inflamed and swells over time and with rest returns to near normal. This causes pressures that are high at times and this high pressure over time can cause damage to the blood vessels and nerve tissue. The longer the pressure is elevated the more damage results.
Reversing Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a combination of health problems that occur at the same time. They increase your risk of death by heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and stroke. Excess insulin, high LDL cholesterol, and visceral (abdominal) fat accumulation alone increase your risk of metabolic syndrome twenty fold.
Metabolic syndrome exhibits itself in a variety of ways. People with any of these symptoms or conditions are at a dramatically increased risk for metabolic syndrome, heart disease, stroke and Type 2 diabetes; high cholesterol (low HDL cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels), inflammatory components in the blood, high blood pressure, large waist circumference, or elevated fasting glucose levels.
Three or more of these conditions can lead to a grim diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. If you do not have metabolic syndrome, but you do have an increased waist circumference combined with a body mass index that is not considered to be in the healthy range, then you are almost guaranteed to develop metabolic syndrome if you do nothing to reduce your abdominal fat. By making a few changes in your life, you can avoid a plethora of life-threatening, disabling diseases.
The first step is to get your cholesterol levels in check. Triglyceride levels are most important and can be controlled through DHA and EPA Omega-3 supplementation. Fish oils and other supplements that get triglyceride levels under control can actually make your cholesterol readings more accurate and help turn harmful triglycerides into less harmful LDL.
LDL cholesterol proteins can harden and stick to arterial walls in your heart and arteries, making damage harder to reverse. Vitamin C actually prevents your LDL cholesterol from oxidizing and becoming “sticky”. Vitamin C combined with soluble fiber helps your liver to function properly and dispose of excess LDL cholesterol. Niacin can help raise HDL cholesterol levels and get them back to where they should be. Vitamins C and E help the cells to use sugar while helping the body properly respond to insulin.
Type 2 diabetes is totally preventable and almost always curable. However, it remains in our nation’s top 10 killer conditions list securely at number 6. This is only measuring deaths caused by Type 2 diabetes. It doesn’t take into account all of the amputations, anxiety, nerve damage, blindness, kidney disease, impotence and infections that it causes. Type 2 diabetes used to be known as “adult onset diabetes” until our children started getting it, too. Type 2 diabetes is caused by the overconsumption of carbohydrates combined with a lack of exercise. Exercise combined with a healthier diet makes blood sugar manageable. There is no way around it, diet and exercise is the only way to get blood sugar levels in check.
If you have metabolic syndrome, cells become damaged and resistant to insulin. Blood sugar gets out of control and the body is depleted of minerals every time you have a soda or eat refined flours or sugars. You must replace the minerals lost to start losing weight and healing your body. Small, high protein meals, six times per day are recommended.
All diabetics and people at risk for metabolic syndrome will constantly flush vitamins and minerals from their bodies. Chromium is the main mineral lost that is needed to regulate blood sugar. Your daily requirement for vitamins, minerals and antioxidants is greatly increased, especially if frequent urination is one of your symptoms. Talk to your doctor about safely managing your metabolic risk factors with vitamins and supplements before you buy supplements.
Severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome – Do You Know the Signs?
Do you think you may have carpal tunnel syndrome? The symptoms of severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) can develop gradually over time. The first sign to watch out for is just a slight or nagging ache in your wrist or hand.
You need to be aware of changes in sensation, such as burning or tingling in the palm of the hand and the fingers, especially the thumb, index, middle, and one-half of the ring finger. These feelings may come and go at first.
Carpal tunnel sufferers frequently report tingling at night. As the syndrome progresses, you may experience tingling during the day. The tingling and burning may eventually result in numbness in your thumb and first 3 fingers.
I want to point out here that you should not get confused if you are experiencing tingling or numbness in your pinky or little finger. People who suffer from severe carpal tunnel syndrome do not suffer with this symptom.
Carpal tunnel sufferers also experience pain as a symptom. You may first notice this at night when you are sleeping. You may find that the pain awakens you and notice your wrist may be in a flexed position. This is not normal!
You may feel the need to shake out your hand or wrist to get some temporary relief. As your day goes on, the pain may increase in intensity and severity.
Your symptoms may be magnified by performing simple, everyday tasks such as holding your phone, reading, or driving. Some people report that holding a fork brings on symptoms!
If you allow your CTS to go untreated, your symptoms will become more frequent and debilitating, to the point where it impacts your daily life. Again, if left untreated, severe carpal tunnel syndrome may cause you to experience pain in your arm.
Other signs and symptoms of CTS may include:
Fumbling and clumsiness, dropping things frequently. Fingers feeling useless and swollen (even though little or no swelling is apparent) Decreased grip strength, making it difficult to form a fist, grasp small objects, or perform other manual tasks. Difficulty telling the difference between hot and cold by touch.
In severe cases, the muscles at the base of the thumb will waste away. Don’t let your symptoms go that far.
Syndrome Turner factsheet
Turner syndrome, also known as gonadal dysgenesis, is a disease that affects only female subjects due to an abnormal chromosome X. The incidence is 1 female born in 2500. In most cases it is caused by the absence of an entire X chromosome in each cell in the body that normally, in female subjects, it has two more rarely are found in mosaic forms (the chromosome is absent only in some cells in others is present in two copies) and forms caused by chromosomal abnormalities such as structural members in one of the two X chromosomes is somehow damaged.
The syndrome occurs in more nuanced forms in those individuals with mosaic or those caused by structural alterations, and is most evident in the forms due to complete monosomy of chromosome X. The clinical manifestations typically include short stature, 1.45 m on average, a shield chest (rib cage wide and flat), short neck, swelling of feet and hands (peripheral lymphedema), poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics due to abnormal ovarian involving a lack of estrogen production. Women with Turner syndrome also have amenorrhea primary (absence of menstruation) or menopause early. Less than 1% is able to procreate. Can be added cardiac complications, renal anomalies, hypertension, increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and development of osteoporosis. In some cases there are myopia or strabismus. The syndrome does not involve mental retardation, although deficits were detected visual-motor and visuo-spatial that can cause problems at school, in this sense is of paramount importance that the quality of family and school that the child must be sufficiently supportive and encouraging attitude iperportettivo differently by family, friends and teachers could have uninflluenza negative effect on mental development of the person.
The life expectancy of women with Turner syndrome is not different from the rest of the population. Much can be done to improve quality by working on clinical manifestations of disease. It ‘may be administered somatotropin (growth hormone) to stimulate the development of the height and using a hormone to the 12 years to foster the development of secondary sexual characteristics of women. Through the administration of somatotropin was reached to obtain an increase in the height of 7 / 8 cm. Currently, the problem of infertility can be overcome thanks to the techniques of assisted fertilization. Any complications from heart or kidney should be kept under medical supervision.
Prenatal diagnosis is possible through karyotype analysis by amniocentesis (taking a small amount of amniotic fluid) or CVS (taking of villous chorion, the cells that form the placenta). The newborn with Turner syndrome presents at birth weight and length below average, swelling of hands and feet, skin folds of the neck.
Sometimes, when the manifestations are mild, the diagnosis is reached only once reached puberty when there is primary amenorrhea and short stature. More accurate post-natal diagnosis is possible through the removal of skin cells obtained from skin biopsy.




